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These documents were scanned, collated and catalogued by Ruth Murray, Annabel Harris, Isha Pareek, Eleanor Williams, Antoine Yenk, Harriet Carter, Oliver Nicholls, Kieran Wetherwick, and Cerys Griffiths.
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4 December 1990
Q J Thomas, Esq.,
Northern Ireland Office
Room 1/106
Old Admiralty Building
[Dear Quentin]
"AMNESTIES" IN THE CONTEXT OF NEGOTIATIONS FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITISH RULE
1. You asked me to undertake some research on past examples of the granting of amnesties in the context of negotiations for independence from British rule. I am sorry that this has taken longer than expected to complete, but it has not always been easy to locate the necessary information.
2. I have looked at the cases of Cyprus, Kenya, India, Gold Coast/Ghana and Ireland, 1916-21. The results are set out in the attached note. I am not sure, having done the research, how relevant these examples might be to any future situation. It should be borne in mind that all the above territories, except Ireland, were colonies. As such, they were administered by British appointed governors who had wide ranging powers to declare a state of emergency. This enabled them, inter alia, to introduce detention and deportation of persons without trial. Such powers were frequently resorted to in colonial situations against any individuals or groups who caused difficulty for the British authorities even where, as was the case in India and the Gold Coast for example, this took non-violent form. It follows that persons detained without trial could simply be released as and when the authorities considered it expedient to do so, without the need for any formal amnesty to be granted.
3. I hope the above is helpful. You will no doubt let me know if you require more detailed information on any particular case or if you would like further examples to be examined.
[Yours
E C Hallett]
E C Hallett
International & Commonwealth Section
Research & Analysis Department
cc: Mr Cooke NIO (L)
Mr Rickard, NIO (L)
4 December 1990
Q J Thomas, Esq., Northern Ireland Office Room 1/106 Old Admiralty Building
[Dear Quentin]
"AMNESTIES" IN THE CONTEXT OF NEGOTIATIONS FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITISH RULE
You asked me to undertake some research on past examples of the granting of amnesties in the context of negotiations for independence from British rule. I am sorry that this has taken longer than expected to complete, but it has not always been easy to locate the necessary information.
I have looked at the cases of Cyprus, Kenya, India, Gold Coast/Ghana and Ireland, 1916-21. The results are set out in the attached note. I am not sure, having done the research, how relevant these examples might be to any future situation. It should be borne in mind that all the above territories, except Ireland, were colonies. As such, they were administered by British appointed governors who had wide ranging powers to declare a state of emergency. This enabled them, inter alia, to introduce detention and deportation of persons without trial. Such powers were frequently resorted to in colonial situations against any individuals or groups who caused difficulty for the British authorities even where, as was the case in India and the Gold Coast for example, this took non-violent form. It follows that persons detained without trial could simply be released as and when the authorities considered it expedient to do so, without the need for any formal amnesty to be granted.
I hope the above is helpful. You will no doubt let me know if you require more detailed information on any particular case or if you would like further examples to be examined.
[Yours E C Hallett]
E C Hallett International & Commonwealth Section Research & Analysis Department
cc: Mr Cooke NIO (L) Mr Rickard, NIO (L)
27 1987 - 1990
38 1993
55 1990 - 1991
64 1993 - 1997
26 1993
57 1993
59 1993
51 1993
18 1993
24 1993 - 1994
41 1993 - 1994
32 1993 - 1994
72 1993 - 1994
8 1989 - 1990
76 1993 - 1994
1 1994
60 1993
65 1993
37 1993
54 1993
32 1993
77 1993
59 1993
49 1993
61 1991 - 1992
38 1991
48 1992 - 1993
134 1993 - ?-??
59 1993 - 1993
84 1993
64 1991
42
9
31 1996 - 1996
61 196 - 1996
49 1996 - 1996
20 1996 - 1997
32 1996 - 1996
14 1996 - 1996
74 1996 - None
4 1996 - 1996
8 1996 - 1996
30 1996 - 1996
7 1996 - 1996
24 1996 - 1996
9 1996 - 1996
59 1996 - 1996
60 1996 - 1996
14 1996 - 1997
41 1996 - 1996
45 1996 - 1996
67 1996 - 1996
16 1996 - 1996
1990-12-04
This is the cover letter for E C Hallett's paper on case studies of the British Government granting amnesties in Cyprus, India, Ghana, Kenya and Ireland (1916-1921), with a summary of the same.
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Unless otherwise specified, this material falls under Crown Copyright and contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
The National Archives of the UK (TNA), digitzed by the Quill Project at https://quillproject.net/resource_collections/351/.