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  1. Overview: United States Fourteenth Amendment & The Civil Rights Act of 1866
  2. Full Record: United States Fourteenth Amendment & The Civil Rights Act of 1866
  3. California Delegation

United States Fourteenth Amendment & The Civil Rights Act of 1866

An amendment to the Constitution of the United States that granted citizenship and equal rights, both civil and legal, to Black Americans, including those who had been emancipated by the thirteenth amendment.

California Delegation

This is one of the 41 delegations in the convention, accounting for 5 of 275 people who took part.

Members (5):

Name Visualize Details Delegations
John Bidwell Visualize "(August 5, 1819 - April 4, 1900). Bidwell was a teacher, ranch hand, major in the army, an American politician, and public servant. He was born in Chautauqua County New York, August 5, 1819, and moved with his parents to both Pennsylvania (1829) and Ohio (1831). He crossed the Rockies and Sierras as part of the first overland expedition to California, arriving in Sacramento Valley on Nov. 4, 1841. John achieved the rank of Major in the War with Mexico. He was a member of the State senate in 1849. He supervised the Census within California in 1850 and 1860. He was both a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1860 and delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1864. He ran for Governor of California in 1875 and lost, running in the Anti-Monopoly party. He ran under this party for governor in 1890 and for President of the United States in 1892. He also presided over the Prohibition State Convention in 1888. He was elected to the 39th Congress on March 4, 1865 - March 3, 1867. He served as a chairman for the Committee on Agriculture. Was not a candidate for renomination (1866). [Source: 'Biographical directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present', Available at https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000447]" California Delegation (This negotiation)
John Conness Visualize (22 September, 1821 -- 10 January, 1909) Conness was an American politician and pianoforte maker. Born in Abbey, Galway County, Ireland, he immigrated to the United States in 1833. After moving to California in 1849, Conness began his political career in a failed race for governor in 1861. Elected as a Douglas Democrat to the United States Senate, he later changed his affiliation to Union Republican. Conness served his term from March 4th, 1863 to March 3rd, 1869. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774- Present', available at http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp] California Delegation (United States Fifteenth Amendment) , California Delegation (United States Thirteenth Amendment 1863-65) , California Delegation (This negotiation)
William Higby Visualize (18 August, 1813 -- 27 November, 1887) Higby was an American politician and lawyer. Higby was born in Willsboro, N.Y.. He was admitted to the bar in 1847 and practiced in Elizabethtown N.Y.. Higby moved to California in 1850 and practiced law there. He served as district attorney from 1853-1859 and served in the State senate in 1862 and 1863. Higby was elected as a Republican for the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, and Fortieth Congresses. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774- Present', available at http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp] California Delegation (United States Fifteenth Amendment) , California Delegation (United States Thirteenth Amendment 1863-65) , California Delegation (This negotiation)
James A. McDougall Visualize (19 November, 1817 -- 3 September, 1867) McDougall was an American politician and lawyer. Born in Bethlehem, N.Y., McDougall studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1837. He lived and practiced in Illinois, was the Illinois attorney general from 1842-1846 until he settled in San Francisco. McDougall was the attorney general of California from 1850-1851. McDougall was elected as a representative for the Thirty-third Congress of the United States, however, he was not a candidate for renomination. Later, McDougall was elected as a Democrat for the United States Senate and served from March 4th, 1861 to March 3rd, 1867. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774- Present', available at http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp] California Delegation (United States Thirteenth Amendment 1863-65) , California Delegation (The Road to Civil War) , California Delegation (This negotiation)
Donald C. McRuer Visualize "(March 10, 1826 - January 29, 1898). Donald Campbell McRuer was a commission merchant, member of a board of education, member of the United States Sanitary Commission, served on a board of directors for a bank, and was an American politician. McRuer was born in Bangor, Maine, March 10, 1826 and then moved to San Francisco California in 1851. Donald served as a harbor commissioner for four years. He was elected to the 39th Congress as a Republican from March 4, 1865 - March 3, 1867 and was not a candidate for renomination. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States, 1774 - Present', available at https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=M000600]" California Delegation (This negotiation)