(10 January, 1804 -- 8 May, 1873) Ames was an American businessman and politician. He was born in Easton, Mass. and elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses. Ames was censured by the House of Representatives in 1873 for “seeking to procure congressional attention to the affairs of a corporation in which he was interested.” [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774- Present', available at http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp]

"(January 30 , 1816 -- September 1, 1894). Nathanial Prentice Banks was a machinist, editor, clerk, lawyer, governor, soldier, vice president of a railroad company, U.S. Marshall, public servant, and American politician. Banks was born in Waltham, Massachusetts. He was an editor of a weekly paper in Waltham, Massachusetts and a clerk in the customhouse in Boston. Banks studied law and was admitted to the Suffolk County bar. He was a member of the State house of representatives (1849 - 1852) where he served as speaker for two years and was a member of the State constitutional convention of 1853. He was governor of Massachusetts (January 1858 - January 1861) and was vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad. Banks was a major general of Volunteers in the Union Army (may 16, 1861) when he was honorably mustered out August 24, 1865. He also served as a member of the State senate in 1874 and was appointed a U.S. marshal (March 11, 1879 - April 23, 1888). He was elected as a Democrat to the 33rd Congress, candidate of the American Party to the 34th Congress, and as a Republican to the 35th Congress (March 4, 1853 - December 24, 1857) when he resigned to become governor. He served as the Speaker of the House of Representatives in the 34th Congress. He was elected as a Republican to the 39th congress to fill the vacancy by the resignation of Daniel Gooch, and was reelected as a Republican to the 40th, 41st, and 42nd Congresses. He was an unsuccessful Liberal and Democratic candidate to the 43rd Congress. He was elected as an Independent to the 44th Congress and as a Republican to the 45th Congress (March 4, 1875 - March 3, 1879). He was no re-elected to the 46th Congress. He was then elected as a Republican to the 51st Congress (March 4, 1889- March 3, 1891) where he served as Chairman on the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Interior. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1890 to the 52nd Congress. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United states Congress 1774 - Present', available at https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000116]"

(28 January, 1818 -- 27 February, 1905) Boutwell was an American businessman, lawyer, and politician. Born in Brookline, Mass., Boutwell was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election to both Congress and the governorship on several occasions between 1844 and 1850. From 1851-1852 Boutwell was the governor of Massachusetts and was a member of the State constitutional convention in 1853. Boutwell was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from March 4th, 1863 to March 12th, 1869, when he resigned. After serving as Secretary of the Treasury for President Ulysses Grant (1869-1873), Boutwell was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry Wilson and served from March 17th, 1873 until March 3rd, 1877. Boutwell went on to be the first President of the American Anti-Imperialist League. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774- Present', available at http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp]

(July 26, 1824 — September 22, 1893) Brooks was a lawyer, judge, and politician. George Merrick Brooks was born in Concord, Massachusetts and attended an academy in Concord and a boarding school in Waltham. Brooks studied law at Harvard University and was admitted to the bar in 1847. He served as a member of the State House of Representatives (1858) and as a member of the State Senate (1859). Brooks was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of George S. Boutwell. He served from November 2, 1869 to May 13, 1872, when he resigned to be a judge in Middlesex County. [Source: “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present,” available at https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000879]

(March 16, 1817 — March 7, 1875) Buffinton was a businessman and politician. James Buffinton was born in Fall River, Massachusetts. He studied medicine in college but never practiced, instead he entered the mercantile business. Buffinton served as the mayor of Fall River from 1854 to 1855. He was elected as an American Party candidate to the Thirty-Fourth Congress and again as a Republican to the three succeeding Congresses from March 4, 1855 to March 3, 1863. After working as a special agent to the United States Treasury, he was again elected as a Republican to the Forty-First, Forty-Second, Forty-Third, and Forty-Fourth Congresses from March 4, 1869 until his death on March 7, 1875. [Source: “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present,” available at https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001040]

"(November 5, 1818 -- January 11, 1893) Benjamin Franklin Butler was a(n) lawyer, public servant, general, manager of impeachment, governor, and American politician. Butler was born in Deerfield, New Hampshire and moved to Lowell, Massachusetts in 1828. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1840. He served as a member of the state house of representatives (1853), state senate (1859), as delegate to the Democratic National Conventions at Charleston and Baltimore (1860), was an unsuccessful candidate for governor as a republican, independent, and democrat (1871, 1872, 1878, and 1879), Governor (1882), and an unsuccessful candidate for President of the United States on the Greenback and Anti-Monopolist ticket (1884). Butler served in the Union Army (April 17, 1861) as a brigadier general and was promoted to major general (May 16, 1861). Benjamin was elected as a Republican to the 40th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, and 45th Congresses (March 4, 1867 - March 3, 1875 & March 4, 1877 - March 3, 1879). He was an unsuccessful candidate in the election of 1874 and declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1878. While on Congress he was appointed one of the managers by the House of Representatives to conduct impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson (1868), as chairman on the Committee on Revision of the Laws (42nd Congress), and on the Committee on the Judiciary (43rd Congress). [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress 1774 - Present', available at https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B001174]"

(October 14, 1801 — December 26, 1874) Crocker was a businessman and politician. Alvah Crocker was born in Leominster, Massachusetts. After attending school at the Groton Academy, Crocker became a proprietor of paper manufactories and also acted as President of the Boston and Fitchburg Railroad. He also served as a member of the State House of Representatives in 1836 ,1842, and 1843, and as a member of the State Senate for two terms. Crocker was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William Washburn. He served in Congress from January 2, 1872 until his death on December 26, 1874. [Source: “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present,” available at https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000916]

(30 October, 1816 -- 5 February, 1903) Dawes was an American lawyer and politician. Born in Cummington, Mass., Dawes studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1842. Dawes was a member of the State house of representatives (1848-1849, 1852), the State senate (1850), and the State constitutional convention (1853). Dawes was elected to the Thirty-fifth and to the eight succeeding Congresses and was then elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1875; he was reelected in 1881 and again in 1887 serving from March 4th, 1875 to March 3rd, 1893. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774- Present', available at http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp]

(December 26, 1824 — December 27, 1912) Esty was an American politician and lawyer. Constantine Canaris Esty was born in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, where he attended the local academies of Framingham and Leiceser. He later graduated from Yale College and studied law. Esty was admitted to the bar and began practicing law in 1847. While practicing law, he also served as a member of the State Senate (1857-1858) and as a member of the State House of Representatives (1867). He was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of George Brooks. Esty served in Congress from December 2, 1872 to March 3, 1873. [Source: “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present,” available at https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000225]

(8 January, 1820 -- 11 November, 1891) Gooch was an American lawyer and politician. Born in York County, Maine, Gooch studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1846, commencing practice in Boston. Gooch was a member of the State house of representatives (1852), the State constitutional convention (1853), and was later elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Nathaniel P. Banks. Gooch was reelected to the four succeeding Congresses and served from January 21st, 1858 to September 1st, 1865. Gooch was later elected to the Forty-third Congress, however, he did not win any subsequent reelection bid. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774- Present', available at http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp]

(November 10, 1823 — February 7, 1907) Harris was an American lawyer, judge, and politician. Benjamin Winslow Harris was born in East Bridgewater, Massachusetts. He graduated from Dane Law School at Harvard University and was admitted to the bar in 1850. Harris served as a member of the State Senate (1857) and in the State House of Representatives (1858). He was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives and served from March 4, 1873 to March 3, 1883. After serving in Congress, Harris served as a judge of probate for the county of Plymouth until he died in 1907. [Source: “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present,” available at https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000233]

(February 21, 1816 — January 31, 1895) Hoar was an American politician, judge, and lawyer. Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar was born in in Concord Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University in 1835 and was admitted to the bar in 1840. Hoar served as a member of the State Senate in 1846 and later was appointed as a judge of the court of common pleas from 1849 to 1855. His legal career continued as he served as a judge on the Massachusetts State Supreme Court from 1859 to 1869. Hoar was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives and served from March 4, 1873 to March 3, 1875. [Source: “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present,” available at https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000653]

(August 29, 1826 — September 30, 1904) Hoar was an American politician and lawyer. George Frisbie Hoar was born in Concord, Massachusetts and was the brother of Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar. He graduated from Harvard University in 1846 and was admitted to the bar in 1849. Hoar was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1852 and was a State Senator in 1857. Hoar was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives and served from March 4, 1869 to March 3, 1877. He was again elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1877 until his death in 1904. [Source: “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present,” available at https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000654]

(3 February, 1808 -- 14 February, 1875) Hooper was an American businessman and politician. Born in Marblehead, Mass., Hooper traveled extensively until 1832, when Hooper engaged in business in Boston. Hooper was a member of the State house of representatives (1851-1853) and the State senate (1858). Hooper was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William Appleton and was subsequently reelected to the Thirty-eighth and to the five succeeding Congresses serving from December 2nd, 1861 until his death. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774- Present', available at http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp]

(August 23, 1825 — December 17, 1896) Pierce was a businessman and politician. Henry Lillie Pierce was born in Norfolk County, Massachusetts. After attending school at Bridgewater, Massachusetts, Pierce entered the manufacturing business. He served as a member of the State House of Representatives (1860-1862, 1866) and as a member of the Boston Board of Aldermen (1870-1871). Pierce was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of William Whiting. He served in Congress from December 1, 1873 to March 3, 1877. [Source: “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present,” available at https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000335]

(August 9, 1816 — April 7, 1892) Stevens was a manufacturer and politician. Charles Abbot Stevens was born in Essex County, Massachusetts and attended school at Franklin Academy at North Andover. After completing his education, Stevens became a manufacturer of flannels and broadcloth’s and also served as a member of the State House of Representatives (1853). Stevens was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Alvah Crocker. He served in the House from January 27 to March 3, 1875. [Source: “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present,” available at https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000877]

(6 January, 1811 -- 13 March, 1874) Sumner was an American lawyer and politician. Born in Boston, Mass., Sumner studied at Harvard Law and was admitted to the bar in 1834. Sumner was one of the founders of the Free Soil party (1848) and was elected to the United States Senate in 1851 as a Free Soiler, reelected as a Republican in 1857, 1863, and 1869 and served from April 24th, 1851 until his death. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774- Present', available at http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp]

"(August 26, 1811 -- July 23, 1883) Ginery Twichell was a(n) proprietor of several stagecoach lines, railroader, president of many railroads, public servant, and American politician. Twichell was born in Athol, Massachusetts. He was the president for Boston & Worchester Railway (1857), Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company (1870 -1874), and Boston, Barre & Garner Railroad Company (1873 - 1878). Ginery served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention (1864). He was elected as a Republican to the 40th, 41st, and 42nd Congresses (March 4, 1867 - March 3, 1873) and was not reelected. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress 1774 - Present', available at https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=T000443]"

(31 January, 1820 -- 5 October, 1887) Washburn was an American politician. Born in Winchendon, Worcester County, Mass., Washburn was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses and served from March 4th, 1863 to December 5th, 1871 when he was elected governor (1872-1874). After his resignation, Washburn was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Charles Sumner and served from April 17th, 1874 to March 3th, 1875. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774- Present', available at http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp]

(March 3, 1813 — June 29, 1873) Whiting was a teacher, lawyer, and politician. William Whiting was born in Concord, Massachusetts and attended Concord Academy. Whiting graduated from Harvard University and taught school in Plymouth, Massachusetts. After graduating from the law department of Harvard in 1838, he was admitted to the bar and practiced law in Boston. Whiting was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives and served from March 4, 1873 until his death on June 29, 1873. [Source: “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present,” available at https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000417]

(August 13, 1818 — March 19, 1886) Williams was a shipowner, businessman, and politician. John McKeown Snow Williams was born in Richmond, Virginia and moved to Boston, Massachusetts. After completing his education, Williams entered the mercantile business and was a shipowner. He served as a member fo the State House of Representatives and in the State Senate in 1856 and 1858. Williams was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives and served from March 4, 1873 to March 3, 1875. [Source: “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 - Present,” available at https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000519]

(16 February, 1812 -- 22 November, 1875) Wilson was an American shoemaker and politician who was Vice President of the United States from 1873 to 1875. Born "Jeremiah Jones Colbath" in Farmington, N.H., Wilson had his name legally changed in 1833 and moved to Massachusetts to work in the shoe-making trade. Wilson was a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1853 and was elected on January 31, 1855 to the United States Senate by a coalition of Free Soilers, Americans, Conscience Whigs, and Democrats to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Edward Everett, and soon after aligned with new Republican party. Wilson was reelected in 1859, 1865, and 1871, serving from January 31st, 1855 to March 3rd, 1873. [Source: 'Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774- Present', available at http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp]