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  1. Overview: U.S. Constitutional Convention 1787 (2021 Edition)
  2. Full Record: U.S. Constitutional Convention 1787 (2021 Edition)
  3. Committee:The Convention
  4. Session: 1787-08-07 11:00:00
  5. Event type: CREATE

U.S. Constitutional Convention 1787 (2021 Edition)

Grand Convention at Philadelphia, May to September, 1787, Quill Project 2021 Edition.

The Convention

The main chamber of the Constitutional Convention, consisting of all delegates.

The Committee Secretary's View The Committee Secretary's View

To see the full record of a committee, click on the corresponding committee on the map below.

Document introduced in:

Session 6250: 1787-08-07 11:00:00

Report of Committee of Detail considered. First three articles agreed. Qualifications of electors debated.

Document View (with components):

Constitution Proposed by the Committee of Detail (Amended)

Shown with amendment 'Randolph's Amendment on Ratification of the Constitution' (e741788)

There are 4 proposed amendments related to this document on which decisions have not been taken.

[Constitution Reported from the Committee of Detail as Amended by the Convention] [+e673227]

[+e673227]

WE the People of the States of New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North-Carolina, South-Carolina, and Georgia, do ordain, declare and establish the following Constitution for the Government of Ourselves and our Posterity.[+e673227] [+e673229]

[+e673229]

ARTICLE I. [+e673229]

[+e673229]

The stile of this Government shall be, “The United States of America.”[+e673229] [+e673231]

[+e673231]

II. [+e673231]

[+e673231]

The Government shall consist of supreme legislative, executive and judicial powers.[+e673231] [+e673233]

[+e673233]

III. [+e673233]

[+e673233]

The legislative power shall be vested in a Congress, to consist of two separate and distinct bodies of men, a House of Representatives, and a Senate[+e673233]; each of which shall, in all[+e673233 -e673237]at least once in every year; and such meeting shall be [+e673251] cases, have a negative on the o[+e673233 -e673237]ther. The Leg[+e673233 -e673251] [+e673243 -e673251]unless a different day shall be app[+e673243] [+e673254]

[+e673254]

IV.[+e673254] [+e673255]

[+e673255]

Sect. 1. The Members of the House of Representatives shall be chosen every second year, by the people of the several States comprehended within this Union. The qualifications of the electors shall be the same, from time to time, as those of the electors in the several States, of the most numerous branch of their own legislatures.[+e673255] [+e673268]

[+e673268]

Sect. 2. Every Member of the House of Representatives shall be of the age of twenty-five years at least; shall have been a citizen [+e673268]of[+e673273]in[+e673268 -e673273] the United States for at least [+e673268]seven[+e673269]three[+e673268 -e673269] years before his election; and shall be, at the time of his electi[+e673268]n inhabita[+e673273]on, a r[+e673268 -e673273]esident of the State in which he sh[+e673268] [+e673290]

[+e673290]

Sect. 3. The House of Representatives shall, at its first formation, and until the number of citizens and inhabitants shall be taken in the manner herein after described, consist of sixty-five members, of whom three shall be chosen in New-Hampshire, eight in Massachusetts, one in Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations, five in Connecticut, six in New-York, four in New-Jersey, eight in Pennsylvania, one in Delaware, six in Maryland, ten in Virginia, five in North-Carolina, five in South-Carolina, and three in Georgia.[+e673290] [+e673294]

[+e673294]

Sect. 4. As the proportions of numbers in the different States will alter from time to time; as some of the States may hereafter be divided; as others may be enlarged by addition of territory; as two or more States may be united; as new States will be erected within the limits of the United States, the Legislature shall, in each of these cases, regulate the number of representatives by the number of inhabitants, according to the [+e673294]rule[+e673295]provisions[+e673294 -e673295] herein after made[+e673294] for direct[+e673295]no[+e673298] [+e673295 -e673298]ta[+e673295]exceeding [+e673298]xation[+e673295],[+e673294 -e673295] at the rate of one for every for[+e673294] Provided that every State shall have at least one representative.[+e673303] [+e673313]

[+e673313]

Sect. 6. The House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment. It shall choose its Speaker and other officers.[+e673313] [+e673316]

[+e673316]

Sect. 7. Vacancies in the House of Representatives shall be supplied by writs of election from the executive authority of the State, in the representation from which they shall happen.[+e673316] [+e673319]

[+e673319]

V.[+e673319] [+e673334]

[+e673334]

Sect. 1.[+e673334] The Senate of the United States shall be chosen by the Legislatures of the several States. Each Legislature shall chuse two members. Vacancies happening by refusals to accept, resignations or otherwise may be supplied by the Legislature of the State in the representation of which such vacancies shall happen, or by the executive thereof until the next meeting of the Legislature.[+e673335] Each member shall have one vote.[+e673337] [+e673344]

[+e673344]

Sect. 2. The Senators shall be chosen for six years; but immediately after [+e673344]they shall be assembled in consequence of [+e673345]the first election they shall be divided, by lot, into three classes, as nearly as may be, numbered one, two and three. The seats of the members of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that a third part of the members may be chosen every second year.[+e673344] [+e673348]

[+e673348]

Sect. 3. Every member of the Senate shall be of the age of thirty years at least; shall have been a citizen [+e673348]of[+e673359]in[+e673348 -e673359] the United States for at least [+e673348]nine[+e673357]four[+e673348 -e673357] years before his election; and shall be, at the time of his electio[+e673348]n inhabita[+e673359]n, a re[+e673348 -e673359]sident of the State for which he sha[+e673348] [+e673362]

[+e673362]

Sect. 4. The Senate shall chuse its own President and other officers.[+e673362] [+e673365]

[+e673365]

VI.[+e673365] [+e673372]

[+e673372]

Sect. 1.[+e673372] The times and places and the manner of holding the elections of the members of each House shall be prescribed by the Legislature of each State respectively;[+e673373] but [+e673375]regulations in each of the forego[+e673379]their provisions concern[+e673375 -e673379]ing [+e673375]cases[+e673379]them[+e673375 -e673379] may[+e673375],[+e673379] at any time[+e673375],[+e673379] be [+e673375]made or [+e673379]altered by the Legis[+e673375] [+e673402]

[+e673402]

Sect. 3. In each House a majority of the members shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day[+e673402], and may be authorised to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide[+e673410].[+e673402] [+e673413]

[+e673413]

Sect. 4. Each House shall be the judge of the elections returns and qualifications of its own members.[+e673413] [+e673415]

[+e673415]

Sect. 5. Freedom of speech and debate in the Legislature shall not be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of the Legislature; and the members of each House shall, in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at Congress, and in going to and returning from it.[+e673415] [+e673417]

[+e673417]

Sect. 6. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings; may punish its members for disorderly behaviour; and may[+e673417], with the concurrence of two thirds,[+e673418] expel a member.[+e673417] [+e673440]

[+e673440]

Sect. 7.[+e673440] The House of Representatives, and the Senate, shall keep a journal of their proceedings, and shall, from time to time, publish them,[+e673441] except such parts thereof as in their judgment require secrecy;[+e673443] and the yeas and nays of the members of each House, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth part of the members present, be entered on the journal.[+e673445] [+e673448]

[+e673448]

Sect. 8.[+e673448] [+e673449]During the session of the Legislature, n[+e673460]N[+e673449 -e673460]either House, without the consent of the other, shall adjourn for more than three days,[+e673449] nor to any other place than that at which the two Houses are sitting[+e673451] [+e673513]

[+e673513]

Sect. 9. The Members of each House shall be ineligible to any civil Office under the authority of the United States created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during the time for which they shall respectively be elected — and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a Member of either House during his continuance in Office. [+e674470]

[+e674470]

Sect. 10. The members of each House shall receive a compensation for their services, to be [+e673513]p[+e673520]ascert[+e673513 -e673520]ai[+e673513]ne[+e673513 -e673520]d [+e673513]out of[+e673520]and paid by[+e673513 -e673520] the [+e673513]Treasury o[+e673520], to be ascertained by law[+e673528]f[+e673520] [+e673534]

[+e673534]

Sect. 11. The enacting stile of the laws of the United States shall be, “Be it enacted, and it is hereby enacted by the House of Representatives, and by the Senate of the United States, in Congress assembled.”[+e673534] [+e673544]

[+e673544]

Sect. 12. All Bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives: but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law. [+e674725]

[+e674725]

Sect. 13. Every bill, which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States, for his revision: if, upon such revision, he approve of it, he shall signify his approbation by signing it: But if, upon such revision, it shall appear to him improper for being passed into a law, he shall return it, together with his objections against it, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider the bill. But if, after such reconsideration, t[+e673544]wo[+e741968]hree[+e673552 -e741968] [+e673552]four[+e673552 -e741968]wo[+e673544 -e673552]ird[+e741968] [+e673544 -e673552]th[+e673544]ird[+e673544 -e673552]s of that House shall, notwithstanding the objections of the President, agree to pass it, it shall, together with his objections, be sent to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and, if approve[+e673544]wo[+e741968]d by[+e673544 -e741968] [+e673544]t[+e673544 -e741968]hre[+e673552 -e741968]e [+e673552]ird[+e741968]four[+e673552]wo [+e673544 -e673552]th[+e673544]ird[+e673544 -e673552]s of the other House also, it shall become a law. But, in all such cases, the votes of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays; and the names of the persons voting for or against the bill shall be entered in the Journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Presi[+e673544]t[+e673560]den[+e673544 -e673560]t withi[+e673544] (Sundays excepted)[+e673560]n seven days after it shall have been presented to him, it shall be a law, unless the Legislature, by their adjournment, prevent its return; in which case it shal[+e673544] [+e673566]

[+e673566]

Sect. 14. Every order, resolution or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment, and in the cases hereinafter mentioned) shall be presented to the President for his revision; and before the same shall have force, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.[+e673566] [+e673570]

[+e673570]

VII.[+e673570] [+e673571]

[+e673571]

Sect. 1.[+e673571] The Legislature [+e673572]of the[+e673572 -e673892] United [+e673572 -e674734]S[+e673572 -e673892]av[+e674734]ta[+e673572 -e673892]pow[+e674734]t[+e673572 -e673892]r to l[+e674734]es[+e673572 -e674734] [+e673572 -e673892]y[+e674734]shall [+e673572 -e674734]f[+e673892 -e674734]ulfil[+e673892]hav[+e673572 -e674734]e[+e673572 -e673892]oll[+e674734] the[+e673572 -e674734] [+e673572]ct[+e674734]en[+e673892]ax[+e674734]g[+e673892 -e674734]a[+e673892]s,[+e674734]ge[+e673892]u[+e674734]me[+e673892 -e674734]n[+e673892]ie[+e674734]t[+e673892],[+e674734]s[+e673892]imp[+e674734]p[+e673572 -e673892]s[+e674734]ow[+e673572 -e674734]e[+e673572 -e673892]s,[+e674734]r [+e673572 -e674734]t[+e673572 -e673892]a[+e674734]o[+e673572 -e674734] [+e673572 -e673892]d exc[+e674734]l[+e673572 -e673892]s[+e674734]a[+e673572 -e674734]y[+e673572 -e673892]s,[+e674734] [+e673572 -e674734]a[+e673572]n[+e673572 -e674734]d[+e673572]o p[+e674734] [+e673572]y [+e674734]d[+e673892]he d[+e674734]i[+e673892]bt[+e674734]s[+e673892],[+e673916 -e674734] and [+e673916]pro[+e674734]shall ha[+e673916 -e674734]v[+e673916]id[+e674734]e [+e673916]for [+e674734]the [+e673916]c[+e674734]p[+e673916 -e674734]o[+e673916]mm[+e674734]wer t[+e673916 -e674734]o[+e673916]n[+e674734] [+e673916]defence[+e674734]lay[+e673916 -e674734] and [+e673916]genera[+e674734]co[+e673916 -e674734]l[+e673916] we[+e674734]l[+e673916]far[+e674734]e[+e673916] of[+e674734]ct[+e673916 -e674734] t[+e673916]h[+e674734]ax[+e673916 -e674734]e[+e673916]s,[+e673916 -e674734] [+e673916]Uni[+e674734]du[+e673916 -e674734]t[+e673916]i[+e673916 -e674734]e[+e673916]d[+e674734]s,[+e673916 -e674734] [+e673916]S[+e674734]impos[+e673916 -e674734]t[+e673916]s, [+e673916 -e674734]a[+e673916]t[+e674734]nd excis[+e673916 -e674734]es[+e673916]charge the debts of the United Stat[+e673892]collect taxes, duties, imposts and ex[+e673572 -e673892]es, and with the Indian trib[+e674734]cis[+e673572 -e673892]es;[+e673572] [+e673578]

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States;[+e673578] [+e673580]

To establish an uniform rule of naturalization throughout the United States;[+e673580] [+e673582]

To coin money;[+e673582] [+e673584]

To regulate the value of foreign coin;[+e673584] [+e673586]

To fix the standard of weights and measures;[+e673586] [+e673588]

To establish post-offices[+e673588] and post-roads[+e673589];[+e673588] [+e673592]

To borrow money[+e673592], and emit bills[+e673592 -e673593] on the credit of th[+e673592] [+e673601]

To appoint a Treasurer by [+e673601]joint [+e673602]ballot;[+e673601] [+e673609]

To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court;[+e673609] [+e673611]

To make rules concerning captures on land and water;[+e673611] [+e673613]

To [+e673613]define and [+e673619]punish[+e673617]declare the law an[+e673613 -e673617]d punishment [+e673613 -e673614]of piracies and felo[+e673613]to punish the[+e673622]nies c[+e673613 -e673622]ommitted on the [+e673613]of [+e673622]high[+e673613]securities and current [+e673622], and grant letters of marque and reprisal[+e674725] seas, and [+e673613]the punishment [+e673613 -e673614]of c[+e673613], but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years[+e674725]o[+e673613]unt[+e673613 -e673622]erfeiting the coin of the U[+e673613] [+e673640]

To [+e673640]declar[+e673642]mak[+e673640 -e673642]e w[+e673640] [+e673688]

To raise [+e673688]and support [+e673689]armies;[+e673688] [+e673693]

To [+e673693]provide[+e673694]build[+e673693 -e673694] and [+e673693]maintain[+e673694]equ[+e673693 -e673694] [+e673697]

To ma[+e673697]provide for [+e673908]ke r[+e673697]ing[+e673908]ules for th[+e673697]e governmen[+e673697 -e673908]t and r[+e673697]egulation [+e673697 -e673908]of the land and naval forces;[+e673697] [+e673724]

To [+e673724]call forth the aid[+e673724 -e673906] of the militia, in order to execute the laws of the Union, enforce treaties, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions;[+e673724] [+e673729]

To make laws for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the appointment of th[+e673892]To establish uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies; [+e674447]

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may by cession of particular States and the acceptance of the Legislature become the seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all Places purchased, by the consent of the Legislature of the State, for the erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, Dock Yards and other needful buildings; [+e674725]

To promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; [+e674725]

e Officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by the United States; [+e673892]

And to make all laws that shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other power[+e673729]All debts contracted and engagements entered into, by or under the authority of Congress shall be as valid against the United States under this constitution as under the confederation. [+e674016]

[+e674016]

s vested, by this Constitution, in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.[+e673729] [+e673734]

[+e673734]

Sect. 2. Treason [+e673734]against the United States [+e673756]against the United Sta[+e673734 -e673745]tes shall consist [+e673734 -e673750]only [+e673734]m,[+e673761]in [+e673734 -e673761]some overt-a[+e673738 -e673761]ct of [+e673738]levying war[+e673734], giving them aid and comfort[+e673763] agai[+e673734]ir[+e673761]nst the [+e673734]United States, or any[+e673734 -e673761] of them[+e673734 -e673740]; [+e673734]or[+e673738]and[+e673734 -e673738] in[+e673734] adhering to the enem[+e673734 -e673758]ies of the United Sta[+e673734]tes, or any of t[+e673734 -e673740]hem. The Legislature of the United States shall have power to de[+e673734], or on confession in open court[+e673765]clare the punishment of treason. No person shall be c[+e673734] to the same overt-act[+e673747]onvicted of treason, unless on the testimony o[+e673734] The Legislature shall pass no bill of attainder[+e673845], nor any ex post facto laws.[+e673847] [+e673768]

[+e673768]

Sect. 3. The proportions of direct taxation shall be regulated by the whole number of [+e673768]white and other [+e673768 -e673769]free citizens and inhabitants, of every age, sex and condition, including those bound to servitude for a term of years, and three fifths of all other persons not comprehended in the foregoing description, (except Indians not paying taxes) which numbe[+e673768]three[+e673771]r s[+e673768 -e673771]hall, within six years after the first meeting of the Legislature, and within the term of every ten years afterwards, be taken in such manne[+e673768]. T[+e674268]r as the s[+e673768 -e674268]aid Legisl[+e673768] [+e673808]

[+e673808]

Sect. 4. [+e673808]No tax or duty shall be laid by the Legisla[+e673809]now existing [+e674268]ture on articles exported f[+e673809], shall not be prohibited by the Legislature prior to the year 1808 — but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation not exceeding ten dollars for ea[+e674268] Nor shall any regulation of commerce or revenue give preference to the ports of one State over those of another or oblige Vessels bound to or from any State to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. [+e674407]

[+e674407]

And all duties, imposts, and excises, laid by the Legislature shall be uniform throughout the United States.[+e674407]ch p[+e674268]Sect. 5. No capitation tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census herein before directed to be taken. [+e674272]

[+e674272]

erson.[+e674268]ro[+e673809 -e674268]m any State; [+e673809]nor on the migration or im[+e673811] [+e673894]

[+e673894]

Sect. 7. The United States shall not grant any title of nobility.[+e673894] No person holding any office of profit or trust under the United States, shall without the consent of the Legislature accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State.[+e673896] [+e673898]

[+e673898]

VIII. [+e673898]

[+e673898]

Th[+e673898]is Constitution and[+e673899]e acts of[+e673898 -e673899] the L[+e673898]aws[+e673899]egislature[+e673898 -e673899] of the United States [+e673898]which [+e673899]or which shall be made [+e740366]shall be [+e673899]made in pursuance [+e673898]of [+e673898 -e673899]th[+e673898]ereof[+e673899]is constitution[+e673898 -e673899], and all treaties made under the authority of the United States shall be the supreme law of the several States, and of their citizens and inhabitants; and the judges in the several States shall be bound thereby in their decisions; any thing[+e673898]IX. [+e674734]

[+e674734]

The Senate of the United States shall have power to try all impeachments: but no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the Members present: and every Member shall be on oath. [+e674734]

[+e674734]

in the [+e673898] [+e673957]

[+e673957]

X.[+e673957] [+e673958]

[+e673958]

Sect. 1. [+e673958]The Executive power of the United States shall be vested in a single person.[+e673959] His stile shall be, “The President of the United States of America;”[+e673961] and his title shall be, “His [+e673963] He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected in the following manner. [+e674734]

[+e674734]

Each State shall appoint, in such manner as it’s legislature may direct, a number of Electors equal to the whole number of Senators and Members of the House of Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Legislature. [+e674734]

[+e674734]

But no Person shall be appointed an Elector who is a member of the Legislature of the United States, or who holds any office of profit or trust under the United States. [+e674734]

[+e674734]

The Electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot for two Persons of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. — and they shall make a list of all the Persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the general Government, directed to the President of the Senate. [+e674734]

[+e674734]

The President of the Senate shall in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted. [+e674734]

[+e674734]

The Person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President (if such number be a majority of the whole number of the Electors appointed) and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President, the representation from each State having one vote — But if no Person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list, the House of Representatives shall, in like manner, choose by ballot the President — In the choice of a President by the House of representatives a quorum shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and the concurrence of a majority of all the States shall be necessary to such choice. — and, in every case after the choice of the President, the Person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President: But, if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them the Vice President. [+e674734]

[+e674734]

The Legislature may determine the time of choosing the Electors and of their giving their votes: and the manner of certifying and transmitting their votes — But the election shall be on the same day throughout the United States. The Legislature may declare by law what officer of the United States shall act as President in case of the death, resignation, or disability of the President and Vice President; and such officer shall act accordingly, until such disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. [+e674734]

[+e674734]

Sect. 2. No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the U. S. at the time of the adoption of this Constitution shall be eligible to the office of President: nor shall any Person be elected to that office, who shall be under the age of 35 years, and who has not been in the whole, at least 14 years a resident within the U. S.[+e674734]Excellency.”[+e673963] [+e674070]

[+e674070]

Sect. 2. He shall, from time to time, give to the Legislature information of the State of the Union: and recommend to[+e674070]bo[+e674737] t[+e674070] or either of the Houses[+e674737]he[+e674070 -e674737]ir consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary, and expedient: he may convene them on extraordinary occasions, and in case of disagreement between the two Houses, with regard to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper: he shall take care that the laws of the United States be duly and faithfully executed: he shall commission all the officers of the United States; and shall appoint to all offices established by this Constitution, except in cases herein otherwise provided for, and to all offices which may here after be created by law. He shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers.[+e674070] He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons[+e674071] except in cases of impeachment.[+e674074] He shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several [+e674084]States when called into the actual service of the U[+e674085]; and may require the opinion in writing of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices[+e674734]nited [+e674085]States.[+e674084] He shall, at stated times, receive for his services, a compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during his continuance in office. Before he shall enter on the duties of his department, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation, “I ———— solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States of America[+e674088], and will to the best of my judgment and power, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Uni[+e674096] He shall be removed from his office on impeachment by the House of Representatives, and conviction by the Senate, for treason or bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors against the United States; the Vice President and other civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on impeachment and conviction as aforesaid; and in case of his removal as aforesaid, death, absence, resignation or inability to discharge the powers or duties of his office the Vice President shall exercise those powers and duties until another President be chosen, or until the inability of the President be removed. [+e674734]

[+e674734]

Sect. 3. The Vice President shall be ex officio, President of the Senate, except when they sit to try the impeachment of the President, in which case the Chief Justice shall preside, and excepting also when he shall exercise the powers and duties of President, in which case, and in case of his absence, the Senate shall chuse a President pro tempore — The Vice President when acting as President of the Senate shall not have a vote unless the House be equally divided. [+e674734]

[+e674734]

Sect. 4. The President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall have power to make treaties: and he shall nominate and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate shall appoint Ambassadors and other public Ministers, and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other officers of the U. S. whose appointments are not otherwise herein provided for. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of the next session of the Senate. But no Treaty shall be made without the consent of two thirds of the Members present.[+e674734]ted States[+e674096].”[+e674088] [+e674101]

[+e674101]

XI.[+e674101] [+e674102]

[+e674102]

Sect. 1. The Judicial Power of the United States [+e674102]both in Law and Equity [+e674103]shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as shall, when necessary, from time to time, be constituted by the Legislature of the United States.[+e674102] [+e674107]

[+e674107]

Sect. 2. The Judges of the Supreme Court, and of the Inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour. They shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.[+e674107] [+e674117]

[+e674117]

Sect. 3.[+e674117] The Ju[+e674118]ris[+e674118 -e674154]dic[+e674118]ial Power[+e674154]tion of the Supreme Cour[+e674118 -e674154]both in law and equity [+e674164]t[+e674118 -e674154] shall extend to all cases arising under [+e674118]this Constitution and the [+e674127]laws [+e674118]of[+e674130]passed by[+e674118 -e674130] the [+e674118]United States, and t[+e674130]Legislatu[+e674118 -e674130]re[+e674118]aties made[+e674130] o[+e674118]r which shall be made under their authority[+e674130]f the United States[+e674118 -e674130]; to all cases affecting Ambassadors, other Public Ministers and Consuls;[+e674118] to all cases of Admiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction;[+e674122] to Controversies[+e674124] to whic[+e674125] controversies[+e674132]h the United States shall be a Party,[+e674125] between two or more States (except such as shall regard Territory or Jurisdiction) between a State and[+e674124] between Citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States,[+e674166] citizens of another State, between citizens of different States, and between a State or the citizens thereof and [+e674124] In cases affecting Ambassadors, other Public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which [+e674137]the United States o[+e674138]e supreme Co[+e674156]r [+e674138 -e674156]a [+e674137 -e674156]St[+e674137]ate s[+e674137 -e674156]h[+e674137]all[+e674137 -e674156] be par[+e674137]hav[+e674156]t[+e674137 -e674156]y, this Ju[+e674137] jurisdiction[+e674156]risdiction shall be original[+e674137]the Supreme Cour[+e674171].[+e674137 -e674171] In all [+e674141]hav[+e674171]t[+e674141 -e674171]he other cas[+e674141]jurisdiction [+e674171]es beforementioned it shall be appellate[+e674141] both as to law and fact[+e674145],[+e674141 -e674145] with such exceptions and under suc[+e674141] [+e674174]

[+e674174]

Sect. 4. The trial of all crim[+e674174]inal offenc[+e674174 -e674175]es (except in cases of impeachment[+e674174]s[+e674174 -e674175]) shall be [+e674174]by Jury — and such trial shall be held [+e674175]in the State where the[+e674174] said crimes[+e674175]y[+e674174 -e674175] shall [+e674174]have [+e674175]be[+e674174]en[+e674175] committed; [+e674174]but when not committe[+e674175]an[+e674174 -e674175]d [+e674174]within any State then the trial [+e674175]shall be [+e674174]at such place or places as the Legislat[+e674175] [+e674183]

[+e674183]

The privilege of the writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended[+e674183]; unless where in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.[+e674185] [+e674188]

[+e674188]

Sect. 5. Judgment, in cases of Impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honour, trust or profit under the United States. But the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law.[+e674188] [+e674191]

[+e674191]

XII.[+e674191] [+e674192]

[+e674192]

No State shall coin money;[+e674192] nor emit bills of credit[+e674197], nor make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts[+e674199];[+e674197] nor pass any bill of attainder or ex post facto laws;[+e674203] nor grant letters of marque and reprisal;[+e674206] nor enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation;[+e674214] nor grant any title of nobility.[+e674216] [+e674234]

[+e674234]

XIV. [+e674234]

[+e674234]

The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.[+e674234] [+e674237]

[+e674237]

XV. [+e674237]

[+e674237]

Any person charged with treason, felony, or [+e674237]other cri[+e674238]high misde[+e674237 -e674238]me[+e674237]anor[+e674237 -e674238] in any State, who shall flee from justice, and shall be found in any other State, shall, on demand of the Executive Power of the State from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the State having ju[+e674237] [+e674275]

[+e674275]

If any Person bound to service or labor in any of the United States shall escape into another State, He or She shall not be discharged from such service or labor in consequence of any regulations subsisting in the State to which they escape; but shall be delivered up to the person justly claiming their service or labor.[+e674275] [+e674277]

[+e674277]

XVI. [+e674447]

[+e674447]

Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and Judicial proceedings of every other State, and the Legislature may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. [+e674447]

[+e674447]

XVII. [+e674277]

[+e674277]

New States [+e674277]lawfully constituted or established within the limit[+e674277 -e674285]but no[+e674287]s of[+e674277 -e674287] the United Stat[+e674277 -e674285]hereafter formed or [+e674300]e[+e674277 -e674285]be erected[+e674287]s may[+e674277 -e674287] be[+e674277]jurisdiction[+e674299] admit[+e674277 -e674299]ted[+e674277],[+e674277 -e674285] by the Legislature[+e674277],[+e674277 -e674285] into this [+e674277]uni[+e674285] without[+e674287]o[+e674285 -e674287]n:[+e674285]government, but to such admis[+e674277 -e674285]s[+e674277 -e674287]ion the consen[+e674277 -e674285] as well[+e674287]t of two t[+e674277 -e674287]hi[+e674277 -e674285]r[+e674277 -e674287]d[+e674277 -e674285] Nor shall any State be formed by the junction of two or more States or parts thereof without the consent of the Legislatures of such States as well as of the Legislature of the United States.[+e674307] [+e674312]

[+e674312]

The Legislature shall have power to dispose of and make [+e674313]Nothing in this Constitution sh[+e674312 -e674313]all [+e674312]needful [+e674313]be const[+e674312 -e674313]ru[+e674312]l[+e674313]e[+e674312]s an[+e674313]d [+e674312]regulations respecting the [+e674313]to al[+e674312 -e674313]ter[+e674312]ritory[+e674313] [+e674312]or o[+e674313]the[+e674312]r property belonging to[+e674313] claims of[+e674312 -e674313] the United States[+e674312]: and no[+e674313] or of [+e674312 -e674313]th[+e674312]e [+e674312 -e674313]in[+e674312]g in this Const[+e674313]dividual States to the western terr[+e674312 -e674313]it[+e674312]ory b[+e674312 -e674313]ut[+e674312]ion contained s[+e674313] [+e674319]

[+e674319]

XVIII.[+e674319] [+e674320]

[+e674320]

The United States shall guaranty to each State a Republican form of government[+e674320]; and shall protect each State against [+e674322]foreign [+e674322 -e674323]invasions, and[+e674322]T[+e741743], on[+e674322 -e741743] th[+e674322]Leg[+e741743]e ap[+e674322 -e741743]p[+e674322]sl[+e741743]l[+e674322 -e741743]ic[+e674322]ure[+e741743]ati[+e674322 -e741743]on of it[+e674322]Un[+e741743]s L[+e674322 -e741743]e[+e674322]ted St[+e741743]g[+e674322 -e741743] [+e674330 -e741743]or[+e674330] E[+e674330 -e741743]xe[+e674330],[+e741743]c[+e674330]whenever[+e741743]ut[+e674330 -e741743]ive,[+e674330]islature ag[+e674322]bo[+e741743]ai[+e674322] Hous[+e741743]n[+e674322]s[+e741743]s[+e674322]sh[+e741743]t [+e674322 -e741743]d[+e674322]ll deem nec[+e741743]o[+e674322 -e741743]me[+e674322]sary,[+e741743]s[+e674322]or o[+e741743]t[+e674322 -e741743]ic v[+e674322] [+e674336]

applicat[+e741743] [+e674336 -e741743]

XIX[+e674336].[+e674336 -e741743] [+e674336]o[+e741743][+e674336]

tw[+e741743] [+e674336] thi[+e741743][+e674336]

ds of[+e741743]O[+e674336]the Legisl[+e741743]n[+e674336]tures of the several States, shall propose[+e741743] [+e674336 -e741743]the applic[+e674336]s[+e741743]a[+e674336]t[+e741743]t[+e674336]i[+e674336 -e741743]on of the Legislat[+e674336]u[+e674336 -e741743]r[+e674336]w[+e741743]e[+e674336 -e741743]s[+e674336] of t[+e674336 -e741743]w[+e674336]ch [+e741743]o[+e674336]hal[+e741743] [+e674336] be v[+e741743]t[+e674336]lid to all inten[+e741743]h[+e674336]s and p[+e741743]ir[+e674336]pos[+e741743]d[+e674336]s[+e741743]s[+e674336]as part[+e741743] o[+e674336 -e741743]f th[+e674336]reof,[+e741743]e[+e674336]whe[+e741743] [+e674336 -e741743]S[+e674336] [+e741743]t[+e674336 -e741743]a[+e674336]h[+e741743]t[+e674336]e[+e674336 -e741743]s[+e674336]s[+e741743] i[+e674336 -e741743]n[+e674336]m[+e741743] [+e674336 -e741743]t[+e674336]h[+e674336 -e741743]e Union[+e674336]h[+e741743], for[+e674336 -e741743] [+e674336]an a[+e674336 -e741743]me[+e674336] bee[+e741743]n[+e674336] ra[+e741743]dm[+e674336]fied by three[+e741743]en[+e674336 -e741743]t o[+e674336]u[+e741743]f[+e674336] [+e674336 -e741743]th[+e674336]s [+e741743]is [+e674336]l[+e741743]Consti[+e674336 -e741743]t[+e674336]ast[+e741743];[+e741727 -e741743] o[+e741727]f[+e741743]r[+e741727 -e741743] the Legislature[+e741727] may propo[+e741727 -e741743]s[+e741727]e[+e741727 -e741743] [+e741727]amendments t[+e741727 -e741743]o[+e741727]f[+e741743] the several States, [+e741727]f[+e741727 -e741743]or [+e741727]by[+e741743]their[+e741727 -e741743] [+e741727]C[+e741743]appr[+e741727 -e741743]o[+e741727]nven[+e741743]ba[+e741727 -e741743]tion[+e741727]s[+e741743],[+e741727 -e741743] [+e741727]in three fo[+e741743]b[+e741727 -e741743]u[+e741727]r[+e741743]t[+e741727]hs[+e741743] [+e741727]th[+e741743]: Provided that no amendments which may be made prior to the year 1808. shall in any manner affect the 4th and 5th Sections of article the 7th[+e741746]ere[+e741743]n[+e741727 -e741743]o[+e741727]f,[+e741743] a[+e741727]s o[+e741743]me[+e741727 -e741743]n[+e741727]dm[+e741727 -e741743]e[+e741727]nts[+e741727 -e741743] [+e741727]or t[+e741743]s[+e741727 -e741743]h[+e741727]e[+e741743]all[+e741727 -e741743] [+e741727]oth[+e741743]b[+e741727 -e741743]e[+e741727]r[+e741743] [+e741727]mo[+e741743]bin[+e741727 -e741743]d[+e741727]e of[+e741743]ing,[+e741727 -e741743] [+e741727]ra[+e741743]un[+e741727 -e741743]ti[+e741727]fi[+e741743]l [+e741727 -e741743]c[+e741727]ati[+e741743]on[+e741727] may b[+e741743]sent[+e741727 -e741743]e[+e741727]d[+e741727 -e741743] [+e741727]pr[+e741743]t[+e741727 -e741743]o[+e741727]posed[+e741743] by th[+e741727]r[+e741736 -e741743]e[+e741736] L[+e741743]e[+e741736]gislat[+e741743] fo[+e741736 -e741743]ur[+e741736]e[+e741743]ths[+e741736 -e741743] of th[+e741736]e [+e741727]Unit[+e741743]sev[+e741727 -e741743]e[+e741727]d-[+e741743]ral [+e741727 -e741743]States[+e741727]ution, the Legislature of the United States shall call a Convention for that purpose.[+e674336] [+e674339]

[+e674339]

XX. [+e674339]

[+e674339]

The Members of the Legislatures, and the executive and judicial officers of the United States, and of the several States, shall be bound by oath [+e674339]or affirmation [+e674340]to support this Constitution.[+e674339] [+e674342]

[+e674342]

But no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the authority of the United States.[+e674342] [+e674346]

[+e674346]

XXI. [+e674346]

[+e674346]

The ratification of the Conventions of [+e674346]nine[+e674371]____[+e674346 -e674371] States shall be sufficient for organising this Constitution[+e674346] between the said Sta[+e674355] [+e674374]

[+e674374]

XXII. [+e674374]

[+e674374]

This Constit[+e674374]w[+e741788]u[+e674374]th[+e741788]t[+e674374 -e741788]i[+e674374]p[+e741788]o[+e674374]w[+e741788]n [+e674374 -e741788]shall [+e674374]adopt, [+e741788]b[+e674374]ej[+e741788]e [+e674374]t, or am[+e741788]l[+e674374]nd th[+e741788]a[+e674374]s Constitution. Th[+e741788]i[+e674374 -e741788]d [+e674374]alterations proposed [+e741788]bef[+e674374]n[+e741788]o[+e674374]being submitted to a gene[+e741788]re[+e674374]l Conven[+e741788] t[+e674374]on, with [+e741788]h[+e674374]ull power to adopt or reje[+e741788]e[+e674374 -e741788] [+e674374]t the alter[+e741788]Unite[+e674374]s[+e741788]d[+e674374]pr[+e741788] [+e674374]po[+e741788]St[+e674374 -e741788]a[+e674374]ed by t[+e741788]te[+e674374 -e741788]s[+e674374]e State[+e741788] in Congres[+e674374]s, and to establish the Government[+e741788]s assembled,[+e674374] for their approbation,[+e674374 -e674375] and it is the opinion of this Convention that it should be afterwards submitted to a Convention chosen in each State, under the recommendation of its Legislature, in order to receive the ratificat[+e674374] [+e674384]

[+e674384]

XXIII.[+e674384] [+e674385]

[+e674385]

To introduce this government, it is the opinion of this Convention, that each assenting Convention should notify its assent and ratification to the United States in Congress assembled; that Congress, after receiving the assent and ratification of the Conventions of [+e674385]nine[+e674386]____[+e674385 -e674386] States, should appoint and publish a day, as early as may be, and appoint a place for commencing proceedings under this Constitution; that after such publication, the Legislatures of the several States should elect Members of the Senate, and direct the election of Members of the House of Representatives; and that the Members of the Legislature should meet at the time and place assigned by Cong[+e674385], and should, as soon as may be, after their meeting,[+e674389] choose the President of the United States, and[+e674389 -e674392] proceed to execute this Constitution.[+e674389]ress[+e674385]ion of such Convention.[+e674374]tes[+e674355].[+e674346]iolence.[+e674322]hall[+e674313] all such claims may[+e674312 -e674313] be [+e674312]so construed as to prejudice any claims either[+e674313]examined into and decided upon by the supreme Court[+e674312 -e674313] of the United States[+e674312] or of any particular State[+e674313].[+e674312] [+e674287]s[+e674277 -e674285]f[+e674287] [+e674277 -e674285]the ge[+e674287]of[+e674277 -e674285]ral Legislature[+e674287] the Members present in [+e674277 -e674287]each House shall be necessary.[+e674277 -e674285] If a new State shall arise within the limits of any of the present States, the consent of the Legislatures of such States shall be also necessary to its admission.[+e674277] If the admission be consented to, the new States shall be admitted on the same terms with the original States. But the Legislature may make conditions with the new States concerning the public debt, which shall be then subsisting.[+e674277 -e674278]risdiction of the offence.[+e674237]ure may direct[+e674175]by jury[+e674174 -e674175].[+e674174]h regulations as the Legislature shall make.[+e674141]foreign States, citizens or subjects.[+e674124]constitutions or laws of the several States to the contrary notwithstanding.[+e673898]portation of such persons as the several States shall think proper to admit; [+e673811]ature shall direct.[+e673768]f two witnesses. No attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, nor forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.[+e673734]ip[+e673693 -e673694] fleets;[+e673693]ar;[+e673640]nited States, and of offences against the law of nations;[+e673613]e United States;[+e673592]l not be a law.[+e673544] the United States[+e673520]State, in which they shall be chosen[+e673513 -e673520].[+e673513].[+e673451] But this regulation shall not extend to the Senate, when it shall exercise the powers mentioned in the ____ article.[+e673459 -e673460]lature of the United States.[+e673375]ll be chosen.[+e673348]ty thousand.[+e673294]all be chosen.[+e673268]ointed by law[+e673243]islature shall meet on the first Monday in December in every year.[+e673233]

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